2.3.3 Mathematical operators


Identify and obtain information
	2.1 Define your search terms
	2.2 An example search strategy
	2.3 Search strategies
		2.3.1 Keyword or subject searching?
		2.3.2 Boolean operators
		2.3.3 Mathematical operators
		2.3.4 Nesting
		2.3.5 Phrase searching
		2.3.6 Truncation and wildcards
		2.3.7 Prepare a search strategy
	2.4 Select an appropriate tool
	2.5 Keep up to date


	Glossary

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Some databases and Internet search tools such as Google and ACM Digital Library use mathematical operators to combine search terms.

Mathematical operators are the plus symbol (+) and the minus symbol (-).

The plus symbol (+) in front of a term (no spaces) requires that term to be in the returned record and is therefore similar in concept to the AND operator.

For example: (+ethics +gambling) finds records containing both terms.

The minus symbol (-) in front of a term requires that word to be excluded from the search results and therefore similar in concept to the NOT operator.

For example: (beverages -alcohol) excludes any record containing the term alcohol.

Note: Remember to check the Help screens of the search tool to determine what operators are valid.

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